Governed by the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, administered by EPFO. Mandatory for every establishment employing 20 or more persons (permanent once crossed). Monthly ECR due on the 15th of each month.
Contribution rates: Employee 12% of basic + DA. Employer 12% (8.33% EPS + 3.67% EPF + 0.5% EDLI).
Section 14B Damages: 5% of arrears for default up to 2 months; 10% for 2–4 months; 15% for 4–6 months; 25% for defaults exceeding 6 months — plus 12% per annum interest from the due date. Wilful default: prosecution and imprisonment up to 3 years.
Governed by the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948. Applies to establishments employing 10+ persons (20 in some states). Coverage threshold: gross wages up to Rs 21,000/month (Rs 25,000 for persons with disability). Employees earning Rs 176/day or less are exempt from the employee contribution; employer contribution still applies.
Rates: Employee 0.75% + Employer 3.25% of gross wages. Monthly challan due 15th. Half-yearly returns: May 12 and November 12.
| State | Salary Slab | Monthly PT |
|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | > Rs 10,000/month | Rs 200 (Rs 300 in February) |
| Karnataka | Rs 15,000 - Rs 24,999/month | Rs 150/month |
| Karnataka | > Rs 25,000/month | Rs 200/month |
| West Bengal | Rs 10,001 - Rs 15,000/month | Rs 110/month |
| West Bengal | > Rs 40,000/month | Rs 200/month |
| Andhra Pradesh | Rs 15,001 - Rs 20,000/month | Rs 150/month |
| Andhra Pradesh | > Rs 20,000/month | Rs 200/month |
| Tamil Nadu | Rs 21,001 - Rs 30,000/month | Rs 135/month |
| Tamil Nadu | > Rs 30,000/month | Rs 208/month |
| State | Employee | Employer | Frequency and Due Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | Rs 6 | Rs 12 | Biannual — June 30 and December 31 |
| Karnataka | Rs 10 | Rs 20 | Annual — January 15 |
| Andhra Pradesh | Rs 30 | Rs 70 | Annual — December 31 |
| Tamil Nadu | Rs 10 | Rs 20 | Annual |
| Gujarat | Rs 6 | Rs 12 | Biannual |
| West Bengal | Rs 3 | Rs 15 | Annual |
Under Section 192 of the Income Tax Act, TDS on salary must be deposited by the 7th of the following month. Quarterly Form 24Q returns are due as follows:
| Quarter | Period | Due Date |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 | April to June | July 31 |
| Q2 | July to September | October 31 |
| Q3 | October to December | January 31 |
| Q4 | January to March | May 31 |
Form 16 deadline: June 15. Every employer must issue Form 16 (Part A + Part B) to all employees by June 15 after the close of each financial year. Penalty for non-issuance: Rs 100 per day per employee under Section 272A of the Income Tax Act.
| Frequency | Obligation | Due Date |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly | PF ECR filing and challan | 15th of following month |
| Monthly | ESIC challan payment | 15th of following month |
| Monthly | TDS deposit on salaries | 7th of following month |
| Quarterly | Form 24Q — Q1 | July 31 |
| Quarterly | Form 24Q — Q2 | October 31 |
| Quarterly | Form 24Q — Q3 | January 31 |
| Quarterly | Form 24Q — Q4 Annual | May 31 |
| Half-Yearly | ESIC half-yearly return | May 12 and November 12 |
| Biannual | LWF — Maharashtra and Gujarat | June 30 and December 31 |
| Annual | Form 16 to all employees | June 15 |
| Annual | PF annual return | April 30 |
| Annual | Statutory bonus payment | November 30 |
| Annual | LWF — Karnataka (Jan 15), AP (Dec 31) | January 15 / December 31 |
| Act / Section | Default | Penalty | Imprisonment? |
|---|---|---|---|
| EPF Act Sec 14B | Late PF payment | 5-25% damages + 12% p.a. interest | Yes — up to 3 years |
| ESI Act | Late ESIC challan | 12% interest from due date | Yes — up to 2 years |
| Income Tax Sec 271C | TDS not deducted | Penalty equal to tax not deducted | No |
| Income Tax Sec 234E | Late Form 24Q filing | Rs 200 per day (max = TDS amount) | No |
| Income Tax Sec 272A | Failure to issue Form 16 | Rs 100 per day per employee | No |
| CLRA | Operating without CLRA licence | Licence cancellation + prosecution | Yes — up to 3 months |
| Minimum Wages Act | Paying below minimum wage | Fine up to Rs 500 per offence | Yes — up to 6 months |
| Bonus Act | Non-payment of statutory bonus | Recovery order + fine | Yes — up to 6 months |
Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: Payable after 5 years of continuous service. Formula: (15/26) x last drawn basic salary x completed years of service. Maximum gratuity payable: Rs 20 lakhs (enhanced from Rs 10 lakhs, effective March 29, 2018). Must be paid within 30 days of separation.
Payment of Bonus Act, 1965: Applies to establishments with 20+ employees. Eligible for employees drawing up to Rs 21,000/month. Minimum: 8.33% of annual wages or Rs 100/month (whichever is higher). Maximum: 20% of annual wages. To be paid within 8 months of the accounting year end — by November 30.
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